Back Pain Surgery in Delhi, India

Lower back pain is limited to the lower part of the back, which may be limited to the posterior hip region or may present as one radiating down on either a single leg or both legs, referred to as radiculopathy.

One may experience a sharp or dull aching pain in the back area. The common presentations include:

• Stiffness in the back area
• Restricted motion
• Inability to maintain a proper erect posture
• Muscle spasms
• Persistent pain which limits daily activity

Certain features associated with lower back pain are called Red Flag signs. If one experiences these signs and a lower back ache, they should immediately consult a doctor. These signs include:

• Weight loss
• Fever
• Swelling on the back
• Pain radiating down the legs
• Numbness around the lower back
• Loss or reduced power in movement of lower limbs
• Loss of control of bowel movements

Common causes of back pain include:

• Muscle strain: It is one of the most common causes of back pain in young adults. With repeated heavy lifting or sudden movement, the back muscles can be strained, which then can cause pain during movement.
• Injury: Back pain can also result from an injury or trauma like a fall or road traffic injury. 
• Structural problems: Back pain can also result from some structural changes in the lower back. Conditions like spinal stenosis, bulging discs, scoliosis, and more can cause chronic back pain.
• Movement and Posture: Poor posture or poor gait can also result in back pain
• Arthritis: Osteoarthritis is one of the common causes of lower back pain; it occurs due to wear and tear of the cartilage around the bone.
• Tumours: Spinal tumours also cause back pain. In this condition, a spinal tumour compresses a nerve in the spinal cord, resulting in chronic back pain.

The doctor may perform a thorough physical exam to check for signs and symptoms of back pain and may order imaging scans and other tests to identify the root cause of the back pain. These may include:

• X-rays: The doctor may order a spine x-ray to check whether the bones are aligned and whether the patient may have arthritis.
• CT scan: This test is more specific for bony anatomy than an x-ray and may be advised if x-rays are inconclusive.
• MRI Scan: An MRI scan is specifically for the ligaments, soft tissue, and nerves than an x-ray or a CT scan.
• Electromyography (EMG): This test measures the nerves' electric impulses and the muscles' response. The test helps detect nerve compression, which may occur due to herniated discs or spinal canal stenosis.

Depending on the condition and type of back pain, the doctor may suggest the following treatment:

Medications

To minimize back pain, the doctor may prescribe NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or some muscle relaxants if associated with spasms of the back muscles.

Epidural injections: If other methods do not help decrease back pain, the doctor may inject an anti-inflammatory drug in the epidural space around the spinal cord. The injection helps relieve inflammation around the nerve, though it is not a permanent solution and generally lasts for one or two months. 

Therapy

Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can help relieve back pain by using different techniques. Physical therapy helps strengthen the back muscles, increases flexibility, and helps improve posture.

Alternative Therapies: There are some alternative therapies that may help to reduce back pain, including:

1. Acupuncture: The procedure has been shown to have a good response to back pain combined with medication and physical therapy.
2. Yoga: Different yoga positions and poses have proved to relieve back pain and improve the posture of individuals.

Surgery

In rare cases, surgery may be the only option to treat back pain. The surgery is usually performed for those with structural abnormalities, spinal cord stenosis or PIVD when other treatments have failed to respond.

The following factors may increase the risk of developing back pain.

• Age
• Obesity
• Poor physical fitness
• Smoking
• Awkward movements
• Medical conditions
• A sedentary lifestyle
• Occupational activities
• Structural problems
• Mental health

Here are some ways through which one can prevent back pain:

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet and maintaining an active lifestyle can prevent back pain.
• Maintain a healthy weight: People who are obese are generally at a higher risk of developing back pain. This is why it is essential to maintain the BMI index of the body to prevent this condition.
• Quit smoking: Smokers are at a higher risk of back pain than non-smokers. So, one must quit smoking to prevent back pain and other severe conditions.
• Strengthen the muscles: Exercise regularly to increase the strength and endurance of the back muscle.
• Maintain good posture: Maintaining a good posture will help to reduce the risk of developing back pain.
• Use proper lifting techniques: Avoid heavy lifting, if possible, to avoid chances of getting back pain.

Reviewed by Dr. Chandeep Singh, Associate Director - Orthopaedics & Joint Replacement, on 29-Dec-2022.

1. Low Back Pain
2. Back Pain
3. Lower Back Pain
4. Chronic Back Pain
5. Is your child complaining of back pain
6. Habits to get rid of back pain
7. Back pain and Sciatica

What Causes Back Pain?

Back pain can result from various factors such as muscle strains, ligament sprains, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, poor posture, and rarely, more serious conditions like tumors or infections.

How Does Poor Posture Contribute To Back Pain?

Poor posture, especially prolonged sitting or slouching, puts strain the muscles and ligaments of the back, causing discomfort and pain. It also affects spinal alignment and increases pressure on intervertebral discs.

What Is A Herniated Disc And How Does It Cause Back Pain?

A herniated disc may occur when the soft inner portions of spinal discs push through the outer layer. This can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back and extremities.

What Is Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal stenosis refers to a narrowing of the spinal canal. It may put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves resulting in back pain, leg pain, and other neurological symptoms.

Is Back Pain Only Related To Structural Issues?

No, back pain can also be influenced by psychological factors like stress, anxiety, and depression. These can exacerbate pain perception and affect recovery.

When Should One Seek Medical Attention For Back Pain?

Seeking medical help if back pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by leg weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, fever, or unexplained weight loss is vital.

How Is Back Pain Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to identify underlying causes.

What Are Conservative Treatments For Back Pain?

Conservative treatments include rest, ice or heat therapy, OTC medications, physical therapy, and exercises to improve flexibility and strength.

When Is Surgery Considered For Back Pain?

Surgery is considered when conservative treatments fail and the pain is significantly affecting daily life. Common surgical interventions include discectomy, laminectomy, and spinal fusion.

Can Exercise Help With Back Pain?

Yes, regular low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, and yoga can improve back strength, flexibility, and overall pain management.

Are There Ergonomic Practices To Prevent Back Pain At Work?

Yes, maintaining proper workstation ergonomics, using a supportive chair, adjusting computer screen height, and taking frequent breaks can help prevent back pain.

Can Obesity Contribute To Back Pain?

Yes, excess weight puts extra strain on the spine and supporting muscles, increasing the risk of back pain.

How Does Age Influence Back Pain?

As we age, spinal discs lose water content, which makes them less flexible and more susceptible to herniation and degeneration, leading to an increased likelihood of back pain.

Can Smoking Worsen Back Pain?

Smoking reduces blood flow to the spine and limits the body's ability to heal, potentially slowing recovery from back injuries and contributing to pain.

Are There Specific Exercises To Avoid During A Bout Of Back Pain?

During acute back pain, high-impact activities like running or heavy lifting should be avoided. Instead, focus on gentle stretches and movements.

Is Bed Rest Recommended For Back Pain?

Bed rest is generally not recommended for more than a day or two. Staying moderately active helps maintain flexibility and strength, aiding in recovery.

Can Stress Management Techniques Alleviate Back Pain?

Yes, techniques like deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation help reduce muscle tension and pain associated with stress.

Is There A Link Between Diet And Back Pain?

A diet rich in vitamin D and calcium supports bone health, which in turn can contribute to a healthier spine.

What Role Does Physical Therapy Play In Treating Back Pain?

Physical therapists provide customized exercise programs to improve posture, strengthen core muscles, and promote proper body mechanics, aiding in pain relief and prevention.

Are There Measures To Prevent Recurring Back Pain?

Maintaining a healthy weight, practicing good posture, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding heavy lifting without proper technique can help prevent recurrent episodes of back pain.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr Lakshay Goel Consultant - Robotic Joint Replacements & Orthopaedics 12 June 2024