Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment in Delhi, India

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. A mix of symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, bloating, and alterations in bowel movements identify Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Managing IBS involves long-term care due to its chronic nature.

Types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

IBS can be classified into three main types based on the predominant symptoms:

• IBS with Constipation (IBS-C): This type is characterised by hard or lumpy stools and infrequent bowel movements.
• IBS with Diarrhea (IBS-D): This type involves frequent, loose, or watery stools.
• Mixed IBS (IBS-M): This type includes both constipation and diarrhea.

What Causes Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

The specific cause of IBS is not fully known, but it is believed that several factors may contribute to its development:

• Gut-brain interaction: Abnormal communication between the brain and the gut can affect bowel movements and cause IBS symptoms.
• Gut motility issues: Problems with the muscles in the intestines can lead to faster or slower food transit, causing diarrhea or constipation.
• Hypersensitivity: People with IBS may have an increased sensitivity to pain in the digestive tract.
• Infections: Gastrointestinal infections can trigger IBS in some individuals.
• Microbiome imbalance: An imbalance in the gut bacteria can contribute to IBS symptoms.
• Stress: Emotional stress can worsen IBS symptoms.

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

IBS symptoms can vary widely among individuals but commonly include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two
• Mucus in the stool
• Urgency to have a bowel movement

Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Several factors may increase the risk of developing IBS, including:

• Age and gender: IBS is more common in individuals under 50 and affects women more often than men.
• Family history: A family history of IBS may increase the risk.
• Mental health issues: IBS is associated with anxiety, depression, and various other mental health disorders.
• Gastrointestinal infections: Previous severe infections can increase the likelihood of developing IBS.

Complications of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

While IBS itself does not lead to serious conditions like cancer, it can significantly impact the quality of life:

• Chronic pain and discomfort: Ongoing symptoms can lead to chronic pain and discomfort.
• Psychological impact: Coping with symptoms can impact mental well-being due to the stress and anxiety involved.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Dietary restrictions and changes can result in nutritional deficiencies.
• Social and work implications: IBS can affect social interactions and productivity at work due to frequent bathroom trips and discomfort.

How is Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of IBS requires a comprehensive evaluation of medical history, physical assessment, and various tests to eliminate alternative conditions:

• Symptom criteria: Doctors often use the Rome IV criteria, which include recurrent abdominal pain at least one day per week in the last three months, associated with changes in stool frequency or form.
• Medical history: A thorough medical history helps identify symptom patterns and triggers.
• Physical examination: A physical exam can rule out other conditions.
• Diagnostic tests: Blood tests, stool tests, and colonoscopy may be performed to exclude other diseases.

Management and Treatment

Managing IBS involves a combination of dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle modifications:

• Dietary changes: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods, such as those high in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols), can help manage symptoms. Increasing fibre intake and staying hydrated are also beneficial.
• Medications: Depending on the type of IBS, doctors may prescribe antispasmodics, laxatives, antidiarrheals, or antidepressants.
• Probiotics: Supplements containing beneficial bacteria can help balance gut flora.
• Stress management: Practicing mindfulness, meditation, and regular physical activity effectively decreases stress levels and improves symptoms.

Prevention Strategies

While IBS cannot be completely prevented, certain strategies can help manage and reduce symptoms:

• Healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fibre, staying hydrated, and avoiding trigger foods can help.
• Regular exercise: Physical activity can improve bowel function and reduce stress.
• Stress reduction: Practicing stress management techniques can prevent symptom flare-ups.
• Regular medical checkups: Keeping regular appointments with a healthcare provider ensures timely management of symptoms.

Outlook

Due to its chronic nature, managing IBS is an ongoing necessity. Although it has the potential to impact one's quality of life, most individuals can manage their symptoms through lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medical interventions. With proper management, individuals with IBS can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does IBS last?

IBS is a chronic condition that lasts for years, often lifelong. Symptoms can vary in intensity over time.

Can IBS naturally go away?

While IBS symptoms can improve with lifestyle changes and management, the condition itself is chronic and does not completely go away.

What foods trigger IBS?

Fatty foods, dairy, caffeine, alcohol, and foods high in FODMAPs are common trigger foods. Identifying personal triggers is crucial.

Can a blood test detect IBS?

No, IBS cannot be diagnosed with a blood test. However, blood tests can help rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

How do doctors confirm if you have IBS?

Doctors confirm IBS using a combination of symptom criteria, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr. Piyush Gupta, Senior Consultant - Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy on 1 August 2024.