Food Allergy Treatment in Delhi, India

There are different kinds of food allergies, including:

1. IgE-mediated food allergy: the most common type of food allergy, in which the immune system produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to a food allergen.
2. Non-IgE-mediated food allergy: a type of food allergy that does not involve the production of IgE antibodies and may take longer to manifest symptoms.
3. Mixed IgE and non-IgE-mediated food allergy: a combination of both IgE and non-IgE-mediated reactions.

Food allergy reactions can occur in different stages:

1. Early stage: within minutes of exposure to the allergen, symptoms such as hives or swelling may occur.
2. Late stage: several hours after exposure, symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhoea may occur.

Food allergy symptoms can vary in severity and may include:

• Hives, rash or eczema
• Itching or swelling of the lips, throat and tongue
• Nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Runny or congested nose
• Anaphylaxis (a potentially life-threatening and severe allergic reaction)

Food allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to certain food substances. Some common food allergens are:

• Peanuts
• Tree nuts
• Milk
• Eggs
• Wheat
• Soy
• Fish
• Shellfish

If you suspect you or someone you know has a food allergy, consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Seek immediate medical attention if one experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as severe itching, difficulty breathing or loss of consciousness.

A doctor may diagnose a food allergy based on a combination of clinical symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests. These may include skin prick tests, blood tests, or oral food challenges.

The treatment for a food allergy is to avoid the food allergen. In cases of accidental exposure, medications such as antihistamines or epinephrine may be prescribed to manage symptoms, which should always be taken after a consultation with a doctor.

Some factors that may increase the risk of developing a food allergy include:

• Genetics: a family history of allergies.
• Children are prone to food allergies.
• Other allergies: having other allergies, such as hay fever or asthma, may increase the risk of developing a food allergy.
• Exposure: repeated exposure to certain food substances can increase the chances of developing an allergy to those foods.

Food allergies can lead to complications such as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction characterised by difficulty breathing, swelling, hives, and low blood pressure. It can be treated with epinephrine (adrenaline) injections for immediate intervention. It usually requires immediate medical attention.

Preventive measures for food allergies include:

• Early introduction of allergenic foods to infants
• Practising good hygiene
• Avoiding cross-contamination
• Wearing medical alert jewellery

The prognosis for food allergies varies depending on the severity of the allergy and the individual's response to treatment. With proper management and avoidance of the allergen, many people with food allergies are able to live normal, healthy lives.

1. Can food allergies be prevented?

Currently, there is no known way to prevent the development of food allergies. However, early introduction of potentially allergenic foods to infants, as recommended by some guidelines, may reduce the risk of developing certain food allergies.

2. Are there any treatments for food allergies?

While there is no cure for food allergies, there are several treatment options available to manage symptoms, including avoidance of the allergen, emergency medications like epinephrine, and allergen immunotherapy (also known as allergy shots).

3. Can food allergies develop as an adult?

Yes, it is possible to develop food allergies as an adult, even if you have never had an allergic reaction to that food before.

4. How much is the cost of getting tested for food allergies?

The cost of testing for food allergies varies depending on factors such as the type of test and where it is performed.

5. Can food allergies go away?

While some children may outgrow certain food allergies, such as milk or egg allergies, many allergies are lifelong. It is essential to work with a healthcare provider to determine if and when it is safe to reintroduce a food previously avoided due to an allergy.

6. Does drinking water help with food allergies?

Drinking water may help to ease some symptoms of a food allergy, such as dry mouth or throat irritation. However, it will not prevent or treat an allergic reaction.

7. What are the chances of having a severe reaction to airborne allergens?

The risk of a severe reaction to airborne allergens, such as pollen or animal dander, varies depending on the individual and the specific allergen. Some people may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have a severe reaction that requires emergency medical attention.

Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Dhall, Director, Internal Medicine on 12-Jun-2023.