Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) Treatment in Delhi, India

Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to an accelerated metabolism. Treatments may involve anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland. Proper management is crucial to preventing complications such as heart issues and bone loss.

Difference Between Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are both thyroid disorders, but they have opposite effects. Hyperthyroidism involves an overactive thyroid gland, resulting in increased hormone production. This speeds up metabolism, causing symptoms like weight loss and rapid heartbeat. 

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is underactive and produces insufficient hormones. This slows metabolism, leading to weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance. Both conditions require different treatment approaches and management strategies.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism manifests through several physical and emotional symptoms due to an overactive thyroid gland.

• Weight loss: Even with a regular or heightened appetite, people might observe significant weight loss due to an accelerated metabolism.
• Rapid heartbeat: Rapid heart rate or palpitations can be observed, even during periods of rest, indicating hyperthyroidism.
• Nervousness: Feelings of anxiety or irritability, often accompanied by restlessness, can be a sign of hyperthyroidism.
• Tremors: Shaking or trembling, usually in the hands or fingers, can indicate excess thyroid hormone.
• Heat intolerance: Discomfort or excessive sweating in warm environments may occur due to the body's heightened sensitivity to heat.

What Causes Hyperthyroidism?

• Graves' disease: The thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system in this autoimmune condition, causing an excess of hormone production.
• Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, often leading to a temporary increase in hormone levels.
• Thyroid nodules: The thyroid gland may develop abnormal growths that result in the overproduction of hormones.
• Excess iodine: High levels of iodine intake from diet or medications can trigger hyperthyroidism.

How is Hyperthyroidism Diagnosed?

Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed in several ways:

• Blood tests: Evaluate thyroid function by measuring the thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
• Imaging tests: Include ultrasound or radioactive iodine scans to identify thyroid nodules or inflammation.
• Physical exam: A healthcare provider examines the thyroid gland for enlargement or lumps.

How is Hyperthyroidism Treated?

Treatment for hyperthyroidism aims to normalise thyroid hormone levels through various methods.

• Medications: Antithyroid drugs work by reducing the production of thyroid hormones.
• Radioactive iodine: This treatment destroys overactive thyroid cells, thereby lowering hormone levels.
• Surgery: In severe cases, part or all of the thyroid gland is surgically removed to control hormone production.

Risk Factors for Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism can be influenced by various factors, increasing the likelihood of developing the condition.

• Family history: A family history of thyroid disease increases the risk of developing hyperthyroidism.
• Gender: Hyperthyroidism is more common in women than in men.
• Age: The risk of hyperthyroidism increases with age, particularly in individuals over 60.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are often linked to an increased likelihood of developing hyperthyroidism.
• Excessive iodine intake: Excessive consumption of iodine through food or medication may elevate the likelihood of hyperthyroidism in individuals who are vulnerable to this condition.

Conclusion

Hyperthyroidism is a manageable condition with the right diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you manage the condition effectively and improve your quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is hyperthyroidism life-threatening?

While hyperthyroidism can cause serious complications, it is typically manageable with appropriate treatment.

Can I live a normal life with hyperthyroidism?

Yes, with proper treatment and management, most people with hyperthyroidism can live normal, healthy lives.

What to avoid in hyperthyroidism?

Avoid excessive iodine intake and stimulants like caffeine, which can worsen symptoms.

What foods reduce hyperthyroidism?

Consuming foods rich in calcium and magnesium, like leafy greens and nuts, could potentially assist in symptom management.

Can we drink milk in hyperthyroidism?

Moderate milk consumption is generally safe; however, consult with a healthcare provider for personalised advice.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr Aishwarya Krishnamurthy - Consultant Endocrinology & Diabetes on 28 Aug 2024.