20 FAQs about Restless Legs Syndrome Answered

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a complex and often misunderstood condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, there are many misconceptions and questions surrounding RLS. In this article, we aim to provide clarity by answering 20 frequently asked questions about Restless Legs Syndrome. From its symptoms and triggers to treatment options and lifestyle modifications, we address common inquiries to help individuals better understand and manage this condition.

Q 1: What is Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)?

A: Restless Legs Syndrome is a condition that causes an unpleasant sensation (itchy, creepy, crawly, aching, ‘pins and needles’) and an irresistible desire to move them in order to reduce this sensation. Symptoms usually occur in the late afternoon or evening and are classically worse at night with a distinct symptom-free period in the early morning. Moving the legs or walking typically gives relief. They can vary and range from mild to intolerable. The condition can significantly impair the quality of life by causing sleep disruption.

Q 2:What are the causes of restless legs syndrome?

A: Research indicates that in most cases, the cause is unknown (Primary RLS). It has a genetic component. Dopamine deficiency in one section of the brain that controls movement leads to this condition. It is also associated with other medical conditions like Iron deficiency, Parkinson’s disease, chronic kidney disease, certain medications, Alcohol, Nicotine, excess caffeine, and certain neuropathies.

Q 3: How is restless legs syndrome diagnosed?

A: No specific test is available and diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. The doctor’s evaluation focuses on the individual’s description of symptoms, triggers, relieving factors, and time of onset. A detailed medical and family history and a list of current medications are helpful. Simple lab tests including Iron Studies may be done to rule out associated conditions. In children, the condition may be mistaken for “Growing pains” or “Attention deficit disorder”.

Q 4: How is restless legs syndrome treated?

A: Lifestyle changes in mild cases may provide relief- avoid alcohol, regular sleep pattern, moderate exercise, warm bath, calf massage, heat/ice pack. Recently a pressure foot trap has been developed that delivers vibration to calf muscles and gives relief. Treating associated conditions, especially iron deficiency, may also help. Drugs acting on Dopamine pathways are available to be given late in the evening for moderate to severe cases. However, long-term use of drugs can rarely lead to worsening in some cases. Primary RLS is a lifelong condition.

Q 5. What are the types of restless legs syndrome?

Restless legs syndrome can manifest in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and severity. The primary types of RLS include:

• Primary RLS: This is the most common form of RLS and occurs without any underlying medical condition. Primary RLS typically begins before the age of 45 and may have a genetic component, with a family history of the condition often observed.
• Secondary RLS: Secondary RLS is associated with other medical conditions or factors that can exacerbate or trigger symptoms. These conditions may include iron deficiency anaemia, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy, diabetes, and certain medications.
• Familial RLS: Familial RLS is a subtype of primary RLS that occurs in families with a genetic predisposition to the condition. It often presents earlier in life and may be more severe than sporadic cases of RLS.
• Pregnancy-induced RLS: RLS symptoms can occur or worsen during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester. Hormonal changes, iron deficiency, and increased blood volume may contribute to the development or exacerbation of RLS during pregnancy.
• Childhood-onset RLS: Some individuals may develop RLS symptoms during childhood or adolescence. Childhood-onset RLS may have a genetic component and often persists into adulthood.
• Intermittent RLS: Intermittent RLS refers to episodes of RLS symptoms that occur sporadically, with periods of remission in between. This type of RLS may be more challenging to diagnose and manage due to its unpredictable nature.

Q 6. What are the symptoms of restless legs syndrome?

• Uncomfortable sensations: Individuals with RLS may experience various sensations in their legs, such as crawling, creeping, tingling, itching, burning, or aching. These sensations are often described as deep within the legs and may be difficult to articulate.
• Urge to move: People with RLS feel an overwhelming urge to move their legs to relieve the uncomfortable sensations. Moving the legs temporarily alleviates symptoms, but they often return when resting.
• Restlessness: Restlessness and an inability to find a comfortable position are common features of RLS. Individuals may toss and turn in bed or pace the floor to relieve symptoms.
• Worsening symptoms at night: RLS symptoms typically worsen in the evening or at night, interfering with sleep onset and sleep maintenance. This disruption in sleep can lead to daytime fatigue and impairment in daily functioning.
• Symptoms relieved by movement: Physical activity or movement, such as walking, stretching, or massaging the legs, can provide temporary relief from RLS symptoms. However, symptoms often return once the movement stops.
• Secondary Symptoms: Some individuals with RLS may experience secondary symptoms such as insomnia, mood disturbances, and difficulty concentrating due to sleep disruption and discomfort.

Q 7. What does restless legs syndrome feel like?

RLS can be challenging to describe accurately, but individuals often liken the sensations to "creepy-crawly" feelings, "electric shocks," or a constant need to move the legs.

Q 8. What conditions cause restless legs syndrome?

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) can be associated with various conditions, including but not limited to:

• Iron deficiency/anaemia
• Kidney disease
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Diabetes
• Parkinson's disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Thyroid disorders

Q 9. What age group does restless legs syndrome affect?

RLS can affect individuals of any age, but it is more commonly reported in adults, particularly those over the age of 40. However, RLS can also occur in children and adolescents, although it may be challenging to diagnose due to difficulties in articulating symptoms and distinguishing RLS from normal childhood behaviours.

Q 10. How is restless legs syndrome diagnosed in children?

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in children is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation, including assessing symptoms, medical history, physical examination, blood tests for iron levels, and sleep evaluation. Collaboration with paediatric specialists may be necessary for accurate diagnosis and management.

Q 11. Are there any fast reliefs for restless legs?

To relieve Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) symptoms temporarily, try gentle movement, warm baths, relaxation techniques, and avoiding triggers like caffeine. Consult a healthcare provider before using medications. For long-term management, consult a specialist.

Q 12. Can restless legs syndrome be prevented?

Preventing RLS entirely is difficult, but lifestyle measures such as maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding triggers like caffeine, managing stress, and regular exercise may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening RLS symptoms.

Q 13. Is restless legs syndrome a serious disorder?

RLS is generally not considered life-threatening, but it can significantly impact quality of life due to sleep disturbances and discomfort, making it important to seek medical intervention.

Q 14. Does restless legs syndrome ever go away by itself?

RLS symptoms can fluctuate over time and may even spontaneously resolve in some individuals. However, for many people, RLS is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life

Q 15. Is there a cure for restless legs syndrome?

Currently, there is no known cure for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). However, various treatment options are available to help manage and alleviate symptoms, including lifestyle modifications, medications, and other therapies. 

Q 16. Can restless legs syndrome turn into something more serious?

While RLS is generally not associated with serious health complications; if left untreated, it can potentially contribute to other health issues such as sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety.

Q 17. Is RLS related to Parkinson’s disease or other movement disorders?

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) shares some similarities with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, but they are distinct conditions with different underlying mechanisms. While RLS and Parkinson's disease both involve disturbances in movement and are associated with dopamine dysfunction in the brain, they are separate disorders with distinct clinical features and diagnostic criteria.

Q 18. How can I get a good night's sleep despite restless legs syndrome?

To improve sleep quality, try these strategies: Maintain a regular sleep schedule, create a comfortable sleep environment, practise relaxation techniques before bed, and avoid caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime. 

Q 19. What is the link between iron and restless legs syndrome?

The link between iron and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) involves the role of iron in dopamine production and brain function. Low levels of iron in the brain may disrupt dopamine neurotransmission, leading to RLS symptoms. Iron deficiency is commonly associated with RLS, and supplementing iron levels, under the guidance of a healthcare professional, may alleviate symptoms in some individuals with RLS. However, not all cases of RLS are related to iron deficiency, and other factors may also contribute to the condition.

Q 20. What is the link between RLS and PLMD?

RLS and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) are related but distinct conditions. While RLS involves uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an urge to move them, PLMD is characterised by repetitive limb movements during sleep, often without the individual being aware of it. 

Wrap up

Restless Legs Syndrome can significantly impact quality of life, but with proper understanding and management, individuals can find relief from its symptoms. If you or someone you know is struggling with RLS, don't hesitate to seek help from a healthcare professional. The specialists at Max Hospitals are experienced in diagnosing and treating RLS, offering personalised care and guidance tailored to individual needs. Whether it's exploring treatment options, addressing concerns, or finding support, our team is dedicated to helping you navigate your journey towards better overall well-being.