Common Dementia Myths vs. Facts

Dementia is a complex and often-misunderstood neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Misconceptions about dementia can lead to stigma and misinformation.

Myth 1: Dementia is a normal part of ageing

Fact: Dementia is more common in older adults. However, it is not a normal part of ageing. Dementia is a collective term for conditions characterised by a decline in recent memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills, affecting a person's ability to perform everyday activities.

Myth 2: Dementia only affects memory

Fact: Memory loss is a prominent symptom, but dementia affects various cognitive functions. People with dementia may experience language, reasoning, judgement, visual perception, initiative, and geographical orientation difficulties. Changes in mood and behaviour, like depression, anxiety and agitation, as well as sleep issues, are also common.

Myth 3: Dementia is caused by genetic factors alone

Fact: Genetics can play a role, but most cases of dementia result from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While certain genes can increase the risk, factors such as physical activity, diet, social engagement, habits like smoking or alcohol, and comorbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension, etc, significantly influence the likelihood of developing dementia.

Myth 4: You cannot prevent dementia

Fact: Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent dementia, research indicates that a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk. Activities that promote cardiovascular health, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, not smoking, and managing blood pressure and diabetes, can contribute to brain health. Cognitive engagement, like learning new skills, socialising, and solving puzzles or crosswords, is also beneficial.

Myth 5: All dementia is the same

Fact: Dementia is an umbrella term that encompasses various diseases and conditions. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60–80% of cases, but other forms include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Each type has distinct characteristics and patterns of progression.

Myth 6: Dementia is untreatable

Fact: There is currently no definitive cure for most types of dementia. However, dementia treatments are available to manage behavioural symptoms /sleep and aggression. By replacing the neurotransmitters, we can slow down progression to some extent and improve quality of life. Non-drug approaches, such as cognitive therapy, physical activity, and creating a supportive environment, are also crucial in dementia care.

Myth 7: People with dementia cannot lead a meaningful life

Fact: With appropriate support and care, individuals with dementia can lead a good quality of life. Engaging in enjoyable activities, maintaining social connections, fostering a supportive environment, and keeping oneself busy can significantly impact their well-being. Tailoring care to meet individual needs and preferences is essential.

Conclusion

Dispelling myths about dementia is crucial for understanding and addressing this condition. By relying on facts and scientific research, we can better support individuals with dementia and their families, promoting a more informed and compassionate approach to care.