Frequently Asked Questions about Cervical Cancer Vaccine

Affecting women all over the world, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality. Needless to elaborate, the importance of preventive measures cannot be overstated. Thankfully, in recent years, a groundbreaking preventive aid has emerged in the form of the cervical cancer vaccines, formally called Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. As we navigate this crucial topic, we'll answer the most commonly asked questions about HPV vaccines, exploring the underpinning science, understanding who stands to benefit from them the most, and examine how they have transformed the narrative surrounding cervical cancer from one of apprehension to one of hope and empowerment. Read on. 

Also, Read - Cervical Cancer: Understanding the Basics

Q1. What is the HPV vaccine?

HPV vaccine is one of the recommended interventions for cervical cancer control worldwide. It has been included in the national immunization programmes in more than 60 countries. There are three vaccines available against HPV.  The primary target group for HPV vaccine is girls aged 9-13 years as per the WHO recommendations. Other target groups are older adolescent females or young women. Check out the best cancer doctor in India who will also assist you in the cervical cancer vaccine India.

Q2. Why is the HPV vaccine important?

Despite being preventable, cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting women in India. Women in India have a 2.5% lifetime risk to get cervical cancer, which is double the risk as compared to the data worldwide (1.3%). It is estimated that cervical cancer will occur in approximately 1 in 53 Indian women during their lifetime compared with 1 in 100 women in more developed regions of the world. There are more than 100 types of HPV and of these about 15 high-risk types cause most of the cases of cervical cancer, two of these types (16 and 18) are believed to cause 70% of these cases (76.7% in India).

Q3. What does the HPV vaccine do?

Cervical cancer vaccines are designed to target the most common high-risk HPV strains, notably HPV-16 and HPV-18, responsible for a significant majority of cervical cancer cases. These vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against these HPV types, preventing infection and subsequent cancer development. By introducing non-infectious components of the virus into the body, the immune system learns to recognize and combat these components, providing protection against future infections. 

Q4. What are the types of cervical cancer vaccines?

There are two main types of cervical cancer vaccines: bivalent and quadrivalent. The bivalent vaccine targets HPV-16 and HPV-18, while the quadrivalent vaccine additionally protects against HPV-6 and HPV-11, responsible for most cases of genital warts. Both vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in preventing cervical precancers caused by the targeted HPV types.

Q5. Who should get vaccinated?

Understanding the target demographic for cervical cancer vaccination is crucial for effective prevention. Vaccination recommendations typically focus on adolescents and young adults, ideally before the onset of sexual activity and potential exposure to HPV. In addition to routine vaccination for adolescents, catch-up vaccination is recommended for those who may have missed the primary window. This includes women up to the age of 26. It is better to get children vaccinated between the age of 9 to 15 as only two doses are required. After 15, three doses are required for full protection. Vaccination is particularly valuable for those with certain risk factors, such as a weakened immune system, as it offers protection against the most prevalent HPV strains.

Q6. What is the cost of the HPV vaccine?

The cervical cancer vaccine cost is a major concern for most of the females. The cervical cancer vaccine price in India is affordable and therefore women don’t need to worry regarding the pricing. Most of the cervical cancer vaccine costs vary in the range of 2000 INR to 4000 INR depending on the vaccine brand and manufacturer.

Q7. What are the potential side effects of the HPV vaccine?

While extensive research, including large-scale clinical trials, has consistently demonstrated the safety of cervical cancer vaccines, like any medical intervention, they may cause certain side effects, but the majority are mild and temporary.

Common side effects include: 

• Pain or swelling at the injection site.
• Mild fever
• Headache

These symptoms typically resolve on their own within a few days. Serious side effects are exceedingly rare. Overall, the benefits of vaccination in preventing cervical cancer far outweigh the minimal and transient side effects associated with it.

Q8. Is the vaccine effective against all types of HPV?

The HPV vaccine is designed to protect against the most common high-risk HPV strains, which are responsible for a significant majority of cervical cancer cases. It may also offer protection against other HPV types, such as those causing genital warts.

Q9. Are booster shots needed after receiving the initial HPV vaccine series?

As of the current recommendations, booster shots for the HPV vaccine are not routinely recommended. The vaccine series, typically consisting of two or three doses, provides long-lasting protection.

Q10. Can the HPV vaccine be given during pregnancy?

The HPV vaccine is generally not administered during pregnancy. However, if a woman discovers she is pregnant after starting the vaccine series, completion of the series is recommended after childbirth.

Q11. How long does the protection from the HPV vaccine last?

Research indicates that the HPV vaccine provides long-lasting protection. While studies continue to assess the duration of immunity, current evidence suggests it remains effective for at least 10 years.

Q12. Can individuals with a weakened immune system get the HPV vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is generally safe for individuals with a weakened immune system, and vaccination is often recommended for this population. However, consultation with a healthcare provider is advisable to assess individual risks and benefits.

Q13. Can the HPV vaccine be administered to males?

Yes, the HPV vaccine is recommended for males as well. It helps prevent HPV-related cancers in both men and women, including anal, penile, and throat cancers.

Q14. Can the HPV vaccine be given to older individuals?

While the vaccine is most effective when administered at a younger age, catch-up vaccination is recommended for individuals up to 26 years of age for females and 21 for males.

Q15. Can the HPV vaccine cause infertility or affect future pregnancies?

Extensive research has found no evidence linking the HPV vaccine to infertility or adverse effects on future pregnancies. The vaccine is considered safe for women planning to conceive.

Q16. What to do if someone misses one or more doses of the HPV vaccine?

If you've missed a dose of the HPV vaccine, it's advisable to consult with your healthcare provider. In most cases, catch-up vaccination is recommended, and your provider can guide you on the appropriate schedule.

Q17. Is the vaccine beneficial for those who’ve already had an HPV infection?

Yes, the vaccine can still provide protection against other HPV types you may not have been exposed to. It is not a treatment for existing infections but serves as a preventive measure against future infections.

Q18. Are there any contraindications to receiving the HPV vaccine?

While the vaccine is generally safe, individuals with a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or any component of the vaccine should avoid further doses. Consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial to assess individual contraindications.

Q19. Does the HPV vaccine also protect against STIs?

No, the HPV vaccine specifically targets HPV and does not provide protection against other sexually transmitted infections. Safe sex practices, including the use of condoms, are recommended to reduce the risk of other STIs.

Also, Read - Demystifying Myths and Facts Surrounding Cervical Cancer

Conclusion

It is quite evident that HPV vaccination is essential for cervical cancer prevention. This makes the cervical cancer vaccine cost a secondary factor when going for this vaccination. Persistent infection with one of the 15 high-risk HPV types is considered a basic cause of cervical cancer. In addition, heightened public awareness regarding healthy and safe sexual behavior together with early detection by screening (Pap smear / Visual examination by acetic acid / ThinPrep / HPV DNA testing) are essential for the prevention of cervical cancer.