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Abdominal Pain: Types, Causes, and Warning Signs

By Dr. Rajesh Upadhyay in Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy

Dec 30 , 2024 | 4 min read

Abdominal pain can be frustrating and, at times, alarming. Whether it's a dull ache, a sharp sting, or crampy discomfort, your stomach could be trying to tell you that there is something wrong. Understanding the possible causes of abdominal pain can help you decide if it’s something minor that will pass or if you need to see a doctor.

Here’s a simple guide to help you understand what your abdominal pain might mean and when to seek help.

Types of Abdominal Pain

Mild and Dull Pain: Often related to digestion, this type of pain could be due to gas, bloating, or constipation. It usually resolves on its own with rest or over-the-counter remedies.
Sharp or Stabbing Pain: This type of pain can feel severe and may indicate a serious issue like appendicitis or a kidney stone.
Cramping Pain: Common in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or menstrual cramps, this pain comes and goes in waves.
Burning Sensation: If your stomach feels like it's on fire, it could be due to acid reflux or ulcers.

Severe pain in the upper abdomen might be a sign of heart disease. It’s important to see a doctor immediately.

Common Causes of Abdominal Pain

Digestive Issues

Your stomach often protests when digestion isn’t smooth. Problems like indigestion, gas, food poisoning or bloating are common culprits. Eating too quickly, overeating, or consuming spicy foods can make things worse.

Symptoms: Burping, bloating, or a feeling of fullness.
Quick Tip: Chewing your food thoroughly and eating smaller meals can ease digestion and reduce discomfort.

Constipation

When stool builds up in your intestines, it can cause discomfort or cramping in your lower abdomen.

Symptoms: Difficulty passing stools, bloating, or a feeling of heaviness.
Quick Tip: Increase your fibre intake and drink plenty of water.

Menstrual Pain (for Women)

Many women experience abdominal cramps during their periods. This happens due to the uterus contracting to shed its lining.

Symptoms: Cramping in the lower abdomen, which might radiate to the back or thighs.
Quick Tip: Applying a hot water bottle or taking pain relievers can provide relief.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD occurs when stomach acid moves up into the oesophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen.

Symptoms: Heartburn, a sour taste in the mouth, or difficulty swallowing.
Quick Tip: Avoid lying down immediately after eating and reduce spicy or acidic foods.

Food Poisoning

Eating contaminated food can cause sudden abdominal pain along with other symptoms.

Symptoms: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or fever.
Quick Tip:
Stay hydrated and avoid solid foods until the symptoms subside.
Get Medical help in case of persistent or severe symptoms

Appendicitis

A sharp pain on the right side of your lower abdomen could be appendicitis, a condition requiring immediate medical attention.

Symptoms: Nausea, fever, and loss of appetite.
Quick Tip: Seek emergency medical care if you suspect appendicitis.

Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits in the gallbladder that can block the flow of bile, causing severe pain.

Symptoms: Pain in the upper right abdomen, usually after eating fatty meals.
Quick Tip: If the pain persists, consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

Kidney Stones

When minerals crystallise in the kidneys, they can cause a lot of pain as they move through the urinary tract.

Symptoms: Sharp pain in the lower back or side, blood in the urine, and frequent urination.
Quick Tip: Drinking plenty of fluids can help pass smaller stones.

When to See a Doctor?

While some abdominal pain is harmless and resolves on its own, certain signs should never be ignored:

Severe or worsening pain.
Pain accompanied by fever, vomiting, or diarrhoea.
Blood in your stool or vomit.
Difficulty breathing.
Pain during pregnancy.
Pain associated with chest pain, discomfort, giddiness

If you experience any of these symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional.

Preventing Abdominal Pain

Eat Mindfully: Avoid overeating or skipping meals and add adequate fibre to your diet.
Stay Hydrated: Drink water throughout the day.
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity promotes healthy digestion.
Avoid Trigger Foods: Prevent eating foods that upset your belly.
Manage Stress: Stress can lead to stomach issues, so practice relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation.

Conclusion

Your abdominal pain might be a simple reminder to eat better or slow down, but it could also be a sign of something more serious. Listening to your body and recognising when to seek medical help can make a big difference in your overall health.

If abdominal pain persists or is interfering with your daily life, consult a doctor to get to the root of the problem. Taking care of your stomach is essential for a happy, healthy life!

Frequently Asked Questions

Can stress cause abdominal pain?

Yes, stress can lead to abdominal pain by affecting digestion and causing issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), bloating, or stomach cramps.

Are there specific sleeping positions to ease abdominal pain?

Sleeping on your left side can help digestion and relieve pain caused by acid reflux or gas buildup.

Can dehydration lead to abdominal pain?

Yes, dehydration can impair digestion, lead to constipation, and increase acid reflux and abdominal discomfort. Drinking enough water is essential.

Is abdominal pain linked to allergies?

Yes, food allergies or intolerances (e.g., lactose or wheat intolerance) can trigger abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhoea after consuming specific foods.

Can exercise worsen abdominal pain?

Strenuous exercise immediately after eating may cause abdominal cramps. However, moderate activity like walking can help relieve bloating or gas pain.