FAQs on Heart Diseases!

Heart disease refers to various conditions that affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It is the top cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 1 in 4 deaths in the United States. Continue reading to find some heart disease questions and answers.

What are the types of Heart Disease?

There are 4 forms of Heart Disease:

1. Congenital Heart Disease (Hole in the heart, Blue baby, etc.)
2. Valvular Heart Disease (generally occurs after Rheumatic fever in children and adolescents)
3. Lifestyle disease (Coronary artery disease)
4. Degenerative Heart Disease (Like calcification of valves, aneurysms, etc.)

Are all Heart Diseases Preventable?

Yes! Dr. Ganesh Mani, Chairman, Cardiac Sciences, Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, mentions below points on how you can decrease the incidence of heart diseases.

• The Incidence of congenital heart disease is relatively higher in regions where marriages are between ‘related’ persons. (Consanguinous marriages). Education & Genetic counseling can reduce the incidence.
• Prompt institution and continuation of Penicillin/Antibiotic Prophylaxis in diagnosed cases of Rheumatic fever can prevent valve narrowing or leakage.
• Life Style Disease can be prevented by watching one’s weight, blood pressure (hypertension), and diabetes.

  Avoidance of ‘S’ is the thumb rule for a healthy heart!

  1. S - Smoking
  2. S - Sugar
  3. S - Salt
  4. S - Stress
  5. S - Sedentary habits
  6. S - Spirits in excess
• Degenerative Diseases are not as preventable as the former three. But regular checkups, early diagnosis, and treatment can prolong life.

How do we know if we have heart disease?

1. Congenital heart disease of a serious nature manifests in infancy and childhood. But if left untreated, many children may die or become inoperable in later life.
2. Valvular heart disease manifests in school-going children who withdraw from games, feel disinterested in climbing stairs or start panting on mild exertion.
3. Coronary Artery Disease can be suspected due to the sudden onset of new symptoms like:
• Chest discomfort (Aggravated by exertion or meals)
• Unusual breathlessness on exertion.

What is the diet recommended for Heart patients?

• Avoid excessive fluids if the child has heart failure.
• Should have a nourishing diet and avoid excessive salt intake.
• Coronary Artery Disease and Degenerative heart disease.
• Animal products can increase cholesterol levels, especially Red meat.
• Plant products like vegetables, fruits, and nuts do not increase cholesterol at all.
• Carbohydrates (rice, sugar, wheat) should be taken in limited quantities as
• Diabetes predisposes to heart disease.

Can all types of Heart Disease be treated by surgery or intervention?

Yes, all types of Heart disease be treated by surgery or intervention.

• Corrective open heart surgery can be done for all children if they are not rendered inoperable by waiting!
• Narrowed valves can be opened by balloon in the cath lab. Derranged valves can be repaired or replaced by substitutes mechanical for young tissue for old.
• Angioplasty and stents are indicated in short segmental blocks and Coronary Bypass Surgery is indicated in long multiple or total blocks, especially in Diabetics.
• If valves degenerate, they can be safely replaced with tissue valve substitutes which last about 20 years.

What Is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the inner lining of arteries, forming plaques. Over time, the plaques can harden, narrow, and block the arteries, reducing blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Atherosclerosis can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis treatment may include lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in some cases, surgery.

What's The Link Between Smoking And Heart Disease?

Smoking and heart disease are somewhat interlinked:

• Smoking is a significant risk factor for heart disease.
• Chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the lining of arteries, leading to a buildup of plaque.
• This buildup can cause atherosclerosis, leading to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases.

What Are The Risk Factors For Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart. One of the most prevalent heart-related questions is about the risk factors for CAD. Risk factors for CAD include:

• Age
• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Family history of CAD
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Stress and mental health issues.

What Should I Do If I Have Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease?

If you have risk factors for CAD, there are several things you can do to reduce your risk and protect your heart health. Here are some steps you can take:

• Quit smoking
• Exercise regularly
• Eat a healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels
• Manage your stress
• Get regular check-ups and screenings
• Take any medications as prescribed by your doctor
• If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar levels.

What Is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is essential for producing hormones, vitamin D, and digestive bile, but high cholesterol levels in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Cholesterol is produced by the liver and can also be obtained through certain foods, such as animal products. 

What Is the Prevalence of Heart Disease in Women?

People often think of heart disease as a "man's disease," but it is the top cause of death for both men and women in the US. Heart disease kills more women than all cancers combined. Despite this, there is a common misconception that heart disease is not as serious for women as it is for men. Here are some important facts about heart disease and women:

• Women may have different symptoms of heart disease than men, such as nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
• Women are more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack.
• Certain risk factors for heart disease, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, can be more common and severe in women.
• Women may be more likely to delay seeking medical care for heart attack symptoms, which can lead to worse outcomes.

How Common Is Heart Disease Among Men?

Heart disease is the top cause of death for men and women in India. Men are more likely than women to develop heart disease at a younger age, but the risk increases for women after menopause. Men are also more likely to have a heart attack and die from heart disease than women. Men can reduce their risk of developing heart disease by making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet.

Are heart diseases hereditary?

Yes, some types of heart disease have a hereditary component and can run in families. However, lifestyle factors also play a significant role in heart disease.

Why Do Men Have a Higher Rate of Heart Attacks Than Women? 

It is among the most common questions about heart attacks. Men have a higher rate of heart attacks than women due to differences in hormones and a higher prevalence of other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.

What Are The First Aid Steps In Case Of A Heart Attack? 

The first aid steps for a heart attack include calling for emergency medical help, assisting with any prescribed medication, and performing CPR if necessary.

Can a person help himself during a heart attack?

A person experiencing a heart attack can help themselves by taking prescribed medications, resting, and avoiding stress, but emergency medical treatment is essential.

Does Disprin Or Similar Headache Pills Increase The Risk Of Heart Attacks?

Some studies have suggested that high doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of heart attack, but more research is needed.

What Are The Warning Signs Of Heart Disease?

Signs of heart disease can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations.

Is Heart Disease An Irreversible Condition?

Heart disease is not always irreversible, and with appropriate lifestyle changes and medical treatment, it is often possible to manage the condition.

Are Birth Control Pills A Contributor To Heart Disease?

Birth control pills may slightly increase the risk of blood clots, leading to heart disease or stroke in some women.

Is Salt Bad For Your Heart?

Yes, excessive amounts of salt can increase blood pressure, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Experts recommend limiting the salt intake to no more than 2,300 mg daily.

Can Stress Cause Heart Disease?

Yes, chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease by increasing inflammation, blood pressure, and other risk factors. Finding healthy ways to manage stress is essential, such as through exercise, meditation, or counseling.

How Is Heart Disease Related To Strokes?

Heart disease and strokes are related because they both involve the cardiovascular system. Heart disease can cause blood clots or plaque buildup in the arteries, which can block blood flow to the brain and cause a stroke.

What Happens If Heart Disease Is Left Untreated?

If left untreated, heart disease can lead to severe complications, including heart attacks, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It's essential to seek medical attention and follow a treatment plan to manage the condition.

What Are The Symptoms Of A Heart Attack?

The symptoms of a heart attack can vary, but some of the most common include:  

• Chest pain or discomfort 

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing  

• Nausea, vomiting, or indigestion  

• Sweating or lightheadedness

What Is The Most Common Type Of Heart Disease In The U.S.?

The most common type of heart disease in the U.S. is coronary artery disease (CAD).

Conclusion

Heart disease is a term that encompasses a range of conditions that affect the heart. Heart disease is a significant cause of death worldwide, but many cases can be prevented or managed with healthy lifestyle habits. Treatment options for heart disease may include medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, surgery or other procedures. If you have concerns about your heart health, it is essential to talk to a healthcare professional.